THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE EGYPTIAN HOTELS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلفون

Faculty of Tourism and Hotels – Mansoura University

المستخلص

In the light of the increasing international interest of public relations (PR) in the hospitality industry, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the effectiveness of public relations department in the Egyptian hotels. For this purpose, an empirical study has been conducted on a sample of five-star and four-star hotel employees at Greater Cairo to identify the activities and the tools used by this department. The study also assessed the effectiveness of these activities and the importance of these tools. This study employed in-depth interviews with PR practitioners at hotels as the data collection instrument. Twenty two interviews were conducted with a convenience sample from the five and four-star hotels in Greater Cairo. The findings of the study showed that public relations departments at the Egyptian hotels are very effective in forming the hotels' image, reputation and competitive advantages.

الكلمات الرئيسية


Achammara, A. (2008). The role of public relations in address security crises, Alain: Session scientific.
Alfonso, G.-H., & Miguel, R. (2006). Trends in online media relations: Web-based corporate press rooms in leading international companies. Public Relations Review, 32(3), 267–275.
Alzahrani, F. (2016). The Role of Public Relations in Organizational Crisis Management, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,7(1), 1075-1086.   
Banik, G. (2004). Effective Public Relations in Public and Private Sector, Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai.
Bates, D (2006). “Mini-Me” History Public Relations from the Dawn of Civilization,Copyright © 2006, Don Bates Published by Institute for Public Relations www.instituteforpr.org.
Belch, G. & Belch, M. (2001), Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York.
Bland, M. (2004). Effective Media Relations, Pearson Education, Inc., New York.
Brassington, F. & Petit, S. (2000). Principles of Marketing, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
Broom, G. (2009). Effective public relations 10th ed., Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Bruning, S. & Ledingham, J. (2000). Explicating Relationship Management as a General Theory of Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 15(2), 181-198. 
Burns, S. (2008). A historical examination of the development of social media and its application to the public relations industry. Paper presented the International Communication Association conference, Montreal.
Carroll, A. (2008). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. 1st ed. London: Routledge.  
Cutlip, S., Center, A. & Broom, G. (2000). Effective Public Relations 8th ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Daft, R. (2001). Organizational theory and design, South- western College Publishing: NY.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13.
De-Grosbois, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 896-905. 
Dyrtr, Z. (2006). Good business name. 1st ed. Prague: Alfa Publishing.
Fiala, P. (2005). Information Sharing in Supply Chains. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Grates, G. (1995). Are You Ready to Grow? Communication Strategies for Managing Growth in A Complex and Competitive Market Place, Public Relations Quarterly, 40(3), 42-46.
Grunig, J. (2006). Furnishing the Edifice: Ongoing Research on Public Relations as A Strategic Management Function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(2), 151-176.
Grunig, L., Grunig, J. & Dozier, D. (2002). Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Henslowe, P. (2003). Public Relations: A Practical Guide to The Basics, Crest Publishing House, New Delhi.
Ibrahim, E. (2006). Evaluating the Role Public Relations in Marketing Activity of Cairo Hotels, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Helwan University.
Jethwaney, J. & Sarkar, N. (2000). Public Relations., New Delhi: Sterling.
Kandampully, J. & Hui, H. (2007). Do hoteliers need to manage image to retain loyal customers?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(6), 435-443.
Kašparová, K. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting. 1st ed. Brno: Masaryk University Brno.
Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of Marketing, 9th ed., Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
Lamb, Ch., Hair, J. & McDaniel, C. (2001). Essentials of Marketing, 2nd ed., SouthWestern College  Publishing, Ohaio.  
Lawrence, A., & Weber, J. (2014). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy 14th ed., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill., ISBN9780078029479.
Leuven, J. & Mak, A. (2004). Reformulating Organizational Identity and Reputation Theory from A Public Relations Vantage Point, 7th International Public Relations Research Conference, South Miami, Florida, USA.
Lorenc, M. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality Industry: A qualitative study on the perception of CSR and its activities. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tourism Master, Program, 10th Semester. Aalborg University. Denmark: Scandinavia.
Marconi, J. (2004). Public Relations: The Complete Guide, Thomson Learning, Inc., Ohio.
Merhaut, M. (2013). Ethics as a part of corporate social responsibility. 1st ed. Prague.
Mervart, R. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility - A guide for not only small businesses. 1st ed. Prague: TOP Partners.
Nelson, K. (2004). Marketing Public Relations Tactics and Programs, http://www.agda.asn.au/dm/observations/marke.html.
Nguyen, N. (2006). The collective impact of service workers and service scape on the corporate image formation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25 (2), 227-244.
Pavlik, M. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility. 1st ed. Prague: Grada.
Reeves, H. (2016). Defining Public Relations’ Role in Corporate Social Responsibility Programs, PR Journal, 10(2), 1-19.
Sachs, M. (2003). Marketing Communication, In A. Gregori (Eds.), Public Relations in Practice: A Sector-By-Sector Guide, Crest Publishing House, New Delhi.
Saffir, L. & Tarrant, J. (1994). Power Public Relations: How to Get PR to Work for You, NTC Business Books, New York.
Sawitz, A. (2013). Triple Bottom Line. 1st ed. UK: Jossey Bass Wiley.
Schmitz, A. (2012). Public Relations, http://lardbucket.org./.     
Sissons, H. (2012). Journalism and public relations: A tale of two discourses. Discourse &Communication, 6(3), 273–294.
Sweetser, K. & Lariscy,  W. (2008). Candidates make good friends: An analysis of candidates’ uses of Facebook. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 2(3), 175–198.
Tanner, J. & Raymond, M. (2012). Principles of Marketing. ©2012 Flat World Knowledge, Inc.2.
Tsetsura, K. & Aziz, K. (2018). Toward professional standards for media transparency in the United States: Comparison of perceptions of non-transparency in national vs. regional media. Public Relations Review, 44(1), 180-190.
Tsetsura, K. & Kruckeberg, D. (2017). Transparency, public relations and the mass media: Combating the hidden influences in news coverage worldwide. New York: Taylor and Francis/Routledge.
Warnaby, G., Moss, D. & Verčič, D. (2002). Perspectives on Public Relations Research, ebrary, Inc.
Wetch, S. (1994). Restaurant and Food Service Marketing into The 21st Century, Journal of Restaurant and Food Service Marketing, 1(1), 1-19.
Wilcox, D., Cameron, G., Ault, P. & Agee, W. (2005). Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics, 7th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., New York.
Wood, E. (2004). Corporate Identity In Theaker, A. (Eds), The
Public Relations Handbook, 2nd ed., Routledge, New York.  
Wright, D. (2001). The Magic Communication Machine: Examining The Internet's Impact On Public Relations, Journalism and The Public, The Institute for Public Relations, Florida.
Zoch, L., & Molleda, C. (2006). Building a theoretical model of media relations using framing, information subsidies, and agenda-building.