[1] أستاذ تاریخ و حضارة مصر و الشرق الادنی القدیم قسم التاریخ -کلیة الاداب – جامعة المنصورة
[1] أستاذ مساعد بقسم الدراسات السیاحیة کلیة السیاحة والفنادق – جامعة المنصورة
[1] D.B. Redford et al., the First Season of Excavation at Mendes (1991), JSSEA 18 (1991), 50.
[1] S. Kambitsis, Sur la Toponymie du Nome Mendésien, BIFAO 76 (1976), 225.
[1] D.J. Brewer and R.J. Wenke, Transitional Late Predynastic- Early Dynastic Occupations at Mendes. A Preliminary Report, The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th- 3rd Millennium B.C. (Tel Aviv, 1992), 193; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man: the Story of Ancient Mendes (Oxford, 2010), 173.
[1] H. Gauthier, DG 1 (1925), 44; H. Gauthier, DG 2 (1925), 74; H. Gauthier, DG 6 (1929), 136; D.B. Redford, Some Observations on the Northern and North- Eastern Delta in the Late Predynastic Period, in B.M. Bryan and D. Lorton (ed.), Essays in Egyptology in honor of Hans Goedicke (San Antonio, 1994), 202.
[1] M.G. Daressy, A Travers les Koms du Delta, ASAE 13 (1914), 181.
[1] T. Wilkinson, The Thames & Hudson. Dictionary of Ancient Egypt (Cairo, 2005), 39.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II (Warminster, 1976), 178; D.B. Redford, Merenptah at Mendes, in M. Collier and S. Snape (ed.), Ramesside Studies in Honour of K.A. Kitchen (Rutherford, 2011), 417.
[1] H. De Meulenaere and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 178; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 14.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 179.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 180.
[1] E. Naville, Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna) with Chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth and Leontopolis (London, 1894), 16.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 23.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 14; D.B. Redford, Mendes, in D.B. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt 2 (Cairo, 2001), 376.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 15, 114, 120, 123, 125- 26; D.B. Redford, The Oxford Encyclopedia, 376.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 16- 17.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic Through Old Kingdom Stratification at Tell Er Rub'a, Mendes, A Thesis in History Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (December 2007), 69- 71, 86- 87.
[1] S.J. Allen and K.L. Wilson, Excavations at Mendes, (1976- 1979), L'Egyptologie en 1979 I (Paris, 1982), 139; Holz et al., in Hall and Bothmer (ed.), Mendes I, 23; M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 66.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 65.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 18- 19.
* عاش Mḏn فی نهایة الأسرة الثالثة وبدایة الأسرة الرابعة وحمل ألقاب "حاکم الإقلیم" وکاهن معبد لیتوبولیس، أنظر:
L.M. Cooper, Hry- Tp aA n spAt (Great Overlord of the Nome): The Office of Nomarch During the First Intermediate Period, A Dissertation presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree, The University of Memphis (2009), 24, 29.
[1] K.L. Wilson, Stratigraphy and Architecture, in K.L. Wilson (ed.), Cities of the Delta, II, Mendes: Preliminary Report on 1979-80 Seasons, (Malibu, 1982), 1; H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 99.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 24; M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 101.
[1] R.O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian (Oxford, 1991), 89, 269; M. Vygus, Middle Egyptian Dictionary (2010), 316.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 45; M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 101.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 58.
[1] D.J. Brewer and R.J. Wenke, The Nile Delta in Transition, 193.
* المشوش هو إسم لقبائل لیبیة ظهرت فی مصر للمرة الأولى فی عهد أمنحتب الثالث فیما ذکر إسمهم بشکل صحیح منذ عصر رمسیس الثانی بعد أن کانوا یسموا خلال فترات قریبة من عهد هذا الملک بإسم قبائل التحنو الشهیرة والموجودة بمصر منذ الدولة القدیمة، أنظر:
J.A. Wilson, The Libyans and the End of the Egyptian Empire, AJSL 51 (1935), 73- 82; G.A. Wainwright, The Meshwesh, JEA 48 (1962), 89- 99.
[1] D.B. Redford, The 1991 Preliminary Field Season at Tell er- Rub'a (Mendes), NARCE 155 (1991), 1; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 110, 105.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 173; D. Redford, Mendès: une Capitale Ephémère, Les Dossiers d'Archéologie 213 (Dijon, 1996), 80; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 148.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 173; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 185, 187.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 38; M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 88.
[1] D.B. Redford, ASAE 75, 19- 20; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 46.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 62.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 71, 78, 80, 85.
[1] D.B. Redford, Ramesside Studies, 417.
[1] D.B. Redford, Delta Reports (Research in Lower Egypt) (Oxford, 2009), 2.
[1] D.B. Redford, The Second Pylon of the Temple of BaNeb Djed at Mendes, in S.H. D’Auria (ed.), Offerings to the Discerning Eye: An Egyptological Medley in Honor of Jack A. Josephson (Leiden, 2010), 271; D.B. Redford, Ramesside Studies, 417- 18; D.B. Redford, Delta Reports, 6, 40, 41.
[1] D.B. Redford, in S.H. D’Auria (ed.), Offerings to the Discerning Eye, 271; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 80.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 80.
[1] D.B. Redford, Delta Reports, 7; D.B. Redford, Mendes: City of the Ram-God, EA 26 (2005) 8.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 62.
[1] D.B. Redford, Delta Reports, 7, 14, 15; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 157.
[1] D.P. Hansen, Mendes 1965- 1966, JARCE 6 (1967), 16.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 11- 12; J. Leclant, Fouilles et Travaux en Égypte et au Soudan, 1966-1967, Or 37 (1968), 98; M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 35.
[1] D.P. Hansen, Mendes 1964, JARCE 4 (1965), 35- 36.
[1] D.P. Hansen,
JARCE 6, 14; M. Bietak, Mendes, in E. Weidner (ed.),
Archiv Für Orientforschung (Graz, 1968/ 1969), 181; J. Leclant,
Fouilles et Travaux en Égypte et au Soudan, 1964-1965,
Or 35 (1966), 134, 181.
[1] D.B. Redford, The False Door of Nefer- Shu- Ba from Mendes, in Z. Hawass and J.H. Wegner (ed.), Millions of Jubilees: Studies in Honor of David P. Silverman II, (Cairo, 2010), 123.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 14.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 83.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 167.
[1] D.B. Redford, The Relief- Decoration of Nepherites' Tomb and Related Epigraphy, in D.B. Redford (ed.), Excavations at Mendes. Volume 1. The Royal Necropolis, (Leiden, 2004), 31.
[1] S.J. Allen and K.L. Wilson, L'Egyptologie en 1979 I, 143.
[1] N.C. Lovell, The 1992 Excavations at Kom el- Adhem, Mendes, JSSEA 21/22 (1994), 23, 30; J. Leclant and G. Clerc, Or 63, 357.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 6- 7; Holz et al., in Hall and Bothmer (ed.), Mendes I, 23; A.D. De Rodrigo, Informe Sobre la ParticipaciÓn en les Excavaciones del Proyecto Conjunto de las Universidades de Toronto, Illinois y Washington en Tell er Rub'a (Mendes), República Arabe de Egipto (15/ VI al 31/ vii/ 92), REE 4 (1993), 168.
[1] J. Leclant and G. Clerc,
Fouilles et Travaux en Égypte et au Soudan, 1994-1995,
Or 65 (1996), 247; D.B. Redford, The Temonos Walls, in D.B. Redford (ed.),
Excavations at Mendes. Volume 1. The Royal Necropolis, (Leiden, 2004), 5, 7.
[1] D.B. Redford, in D.B. Redford (ed.), Excavations at Mendes, 7, 13; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 181.
[1] J. Leclant and G. Clerc, Or 63, 357.
[1] S.J. Allen and K.L. Wilson, L'Egyptologie en 1979 I, 142.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 4, 33.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 157.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 166.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 166.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 171- 172.
[1] J. Leclant,
Fouilles et Travaux en Égypte et au Soudan, 1978-1979,
Or 49, (1980), 352; K.L. Wilson, in K.L. Wilson (ed.),
Cities of the Delta, 5, 40, 41, 43.
[1] J. Leclant, Or 49, 352.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 151.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 150.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 106, 108.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 108, 151, 170- 174.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 132, 136, 138.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 110- 116, 121- 122, 126.
[1] J. Leclant, Or 37, 98.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 14.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 123.
[1] M.J. Adams, The Early Dynastic, 170.
[1] J. Leclant, Or 35, 134.
[1] K.L. Wilson, Mendes, NARCE 112 (1980), 46.
[1] S.J. Allen and K.L. Wilson, L'Egyptologie en 1979 I, 144.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 4, 35; J. Leclant, Or 34, 180.
[1] D.B. Redford, in Z. Hawass and J.H. Wegner (ed.), Millions of Jubilees II, 123, 125, 128.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 11- 12.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 12- 13.
[1] H. De Meulenaere, and P. Mackay, Mendes II, 173.
[1] PM IV, 35.
[1] J. Leclant, Or 37, 98.
[1] D.B. Redford, in D.B. Redford (ed.), Excavations at Mendes,32.
[1] A. Mariette, Fragments et Documents Relatifs aux Fouilles de Sân, RT 9 (1887), 19; D.B. Redford, in D.B. Redford (ed.), Excavations at Mendes,24.
[1] M. Chaban, Monuments Recueillis Pendant mes Inspections, ASAE 10 (1910), 28.
[1] Holz et al., in Hall and Bothmer (ed.), Mendes I, 24.
[1] G. Roeder, Naos (Leipzig, 1914), 99.
[1] B.V. Bothmer, The Great Naos at Mendes and Its Sculpture, The Archaeology of the Nile Delta (Cairo, 1986), 205.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 8.
[1] Daressy, ASAE 13, 181.
[1] D.P. Hansen, NARCE 61, 11.
[1] E. Naville, Ahnas el Medineh, 18.
[1] S.J. Allen and K.L. Wilson, L'Egyptologie en 1979 I, 143.
[1] C. Traunecker, Essai sur l'histoire de XXIXe Dynastie, BIFAO 79 (1979), 408- 409.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 146.
[1] D.P. Hansen, JARCE 6, 15.
[1] H. Wild, Statue d'un Noble Mendésien du Règne de Psamétik Ier aux Musée de Palerme et du Caire", BIFAO 60 (1960), 43- 55.
[1] O. Perdu, Neshor à Mendès sous Apriès, BSFE 118 (1990), 38- 39.
[1] D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 177.
[1] H. Selim, Three Unpublished Late Period Statues, SAK 32 (2004), 374- 378; D.B. Redford, City of the Ram-Man, 177.
[1] الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] إحصاءات السکان، الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] إحصاءات السکان، الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] إسماعیل محمد علی الدباغ وأخرون، العلاقة بین العرض والطلب السیاحی فی محافظة النجف وامکانیة تنشیط السیاحة الدینیة فیها، مؤتمر السیاحة الاول فی محافظة النجف للمدة من 5-6 نیسان 2008، مجلة الإدارة والإقتصاد، العدد الثانی والسبعون (2008)، 217.
[1] الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] إسماعیل محمد علی الدباغ وأخرون، العلاقة بین العرض والطلب، 217.
[1] الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء.
[1] فاروق عز الدین ومحمد عبده عاشور، جغرافیة السیاحة: تطور وأسس ومناهج وتطبیقات (القاهرة، 2005)، 160.
[1] الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء
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